A Closer Look at the Probate Process in Virginia

In our previous blog, we touched briefly on the probate process. Given its role in the disposition of assets after one’s passing, it’s crucial to take a closer look.

The probate process is something many people may have heard of but don’t fully understand. It’s a legal process that deals with administering a deceased person’s estate, distributing assets, paying off debts, and fulfilling any other obligations the person had.

Probate can be complicated, and each state has its own specific laws. In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at the probate process in Virginia and what you need to know.

At McCarthy & Akers, our Virginia probate attorneys have walked alongside many during these challenging times. Recognizing the weight of these moments and the need for clarity, we’re dedicated to demystifying the probate process for you. Before we explore the specifics in Virginia, know that our team is always here to support and guide you.

Understanding Probate

The term “probate” primarily refers to the legal validation of a deceased person’s (decedent) will. During this stage, the will is confirmed as the genuine last testament of the decedent, and it becomes a public document, accessible to anyone.

Once the will is validated, the next phase, known as “Estate Administration,” begins. In this phase, the decedent’s assets are managed and distributed according to the stipulations of the validated will. This involves settling any debts or taxes and ensuring beneficiaries receive their designated inheritances. An executor, typically named in the will, oversees this entire process.

When There’s No Will

In cases where the decedent did not leave a will, the estate undergoes what is called “intestate succession.” Without a will to provide guidance, state laws determine how the decedent’s assets are distributed.

In Virginia, for instance, assets might be divided among a surviving spouse, children, or other close relatives, depending on the specific familial situation.

The absence of a will can sometimes complicate the probate process, making it even more crucial for families to seek experienced legal guidance during such times. However, whether there’s a will or not, someone must manage the estate’s disposition.

The Role of the Executor or Administrator

Upon death, if a will is in place, an executor is usually named. This individual is entrusted with the task of overseeing the probate process and ensuring the decedent’s wishes are carried out. If no will exists or an executor isn’t named, the court appoints an estate administrator with similar responsibilities.

These duties include:

• Ensuring all assets are identified, located, and valued
• Paying debts, claims, and taxes owed by the estate
• Distributing the remaining assets to the appropriate beneficiaries

Probate and Estate Administration Steps in Virginia

The probate process involves several stages, and while it is designed to ensure the orderly distribution of assets, there can be associated costs. Here’s a general overview of the steps involved:

1. Probate – The Validation of the Will:
   • Initiating the Process: Begin by presenting the original will and a certified copy of the death certificate to the circuit court in the jurisdiction where the decedent resided.
   • Validating the Will: The court examines the will to ensure its authenticity and adherence to Virginia’s legal stipulations.

2. Estate Administration – Managing and Distributing the Assets (Role of the Executor):
   • Assuming Responsibility: Once the will is validated, the named executor (or court-appointed administrator if no executor is named) assumes the role of managing the estate.
   • Taking Inventory: All assets of the estate are identified, catalogued, and appraised to determine their value.
   • Settling Debts and Taxes: The executor ensures all the estate’s obligations like debts, claims, taxes, funeral expenses, unpaid medical bills, or loans are addressed.
   • Distribution of Assets: The executor distributes the remaining assets as outlined in the will. If no will exists, Virginia’s intestacy laws determine the distribution process.
   • Closing the Estate: After all responsibilities are fulfilled, the executor formally requests the court to close the estate.

Probate Duration

The probate process doesn’t happen overnight. The duration largely depends on the estate’s complexity, the efficiency with which the executor or administrator carries out their duties, and any potential disputes or challenges to the will.

On average, the probate process in Virginia might range from several months to a couple of years.

Simplifying or Bypassing the Probate Administration Process

As mentioned earlier, once a will is validated, the estate then enters the administration phase, which involves identifying assets, settling debts, and distributing the remaining assets to beneficiaries.

While the validation of the will is inescapable, the subsequent administration process can be lengthy, costly, and public. This is where strategic estate planning comes into play.

The goal for many is to minimize the assets that undergo this full probate administration process. By doing so, assets can be distributed more directly and privately to beneficiaries. Here’s how you can achieve this:

Trusts

Assets placed in trusts, such as revocable living trusts, are not considered part of the deceased’s personal estate. Upon the trust maker’s death, these assets can be distributed by a named trustee without undergoing the extended probate administration process.

Joint Ownership with Rights of Survivorship

Assets like real estate or bank accounts owned jointly will automatically pass to the surviving owner upon one’s death, eliminating the need for these assets to go through probate administration.

Payable-on-Death (POD) and Transfer-on-Death (TOD) Designations

Many financial instruments, like bank accounts and brokerage accounts, allow for POD or TOD designations. Upon the account holder’s death, these assets directly transfer to the named beneficiary, bypassing probate administration.

Life Insurance and Retirement Accounts

Policies and accounts that allow you to name beneficiaries will, upon death, directly disburse funds to these beneficiaries, excluding them from the probate process.

Gifting Assets

By gifting assets while alive, you reduce the size of your estate. This means there’s less to process during probate administration. However, be aware of tax implications and gifting limits set by the IRS.

Small Estate Procedures

Virginia has a small estate exemption, which means that if the value of the estate is $50,000 or less, the estate can be dealt with in a simplified way without going through the full probate process.

Real Estate Transfer-on-Death Deeds

In Virginia, property owners can use transfer-on-death deeds, allowing property to transfer to a named beneficiary upon the owner’s death without undergoing probate administration.

While these strategies can streamline or bypass much of the probate administration process, it’s crucial to align them with your overall estate planning goals. Consulting with probate lawyers in Virginia experienced in Virginia’s estate laws can provide clarity and ensure that you’re making informed decisions about your assets and your beneficiaries’ future.

Understanding Probate with McCarthy & Akers

Are you dealing with probate or interested in estate planning strategies that will simplify the process? It doesn’t have to be complicated. At McCarthy & Akers, we are experienced in the Virginia probate process and are dedicated to helping you through each step. We know that managing a loved one’s estate can be complicated and we’re here to make it easier for you.

If you’ve been searching for “probate lawyers near me,” look no further. Contact us at (540) 722-2181 or connect with us online.

With offices in Strasburg, Front Royal, Winchester, and Manassas, we’re always nearby and ready to help. Choose McCarthy & Akers for clear, straightforward guidance during the probate process. Let us go to work for you!

And before you go, grab our exclusive guide, “3 Most Common Threats to Your Estate and Your Family’s Future.” Download your copy here.

Copyright © 2024. McCarthy & Akers, PLC | Estate Planning Attorneys. All rights reserved.

The information in this blog post (“post”) is provided for general informational purposes only and may not reflect the current law in your jurisdiction. No information in this post should be construed as legal advice from the individual author or the law firm, nor is it intended to be a substitute for legal counsel on any subject matter. No reader of this post should act or refrain from acting based on any information included in or accessible through this post without seeking the appropriate legal or other professional advice on the particular facts and circumstances at issue from a lawyer licensed in the recipient’s state, country, or other appropriate licensing jurisdiction.

McCarthy & Akers, PLC | Estate Planning Attorneys
302 W Boscawen St.
Winchester, VA 22601
(540) 722-2181
https://mccarthyakers.com/